Popova A.A.
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics A.N. Tikhonov, Department of Electronic Engineering
DEVELOPMENT OF THE WIRING DETECTOR
Abstract
Over the past few years, the process in creating devices for searching metal objects has been accompanied by a revived interest in electrodynamics. There are many similar inventions on the market, but there are few companies in Russia that have solved the problem of detecting electrical wiring in the walls and created an inexpensive and effective device. The paper also provides the rationale for the selecting electronic components e.g. transistors, resistors, LEDs, capacitors. Additionally, I explain the choice of a voltage value and the input data in the chip and software details. In this paper, I present the indicator for searching electrical wiring in the wall which is based on the principle of operation of the metal detector. Especially, I will develop its schematic diagram and demonstrate its work. The aim of the proposed research is to create a schematic diagram of a wiring indicator and to develop the device.
Keywords: transistors, resistors, LEDs, capacitors.
Hidden types of wiring are used in individual houses, apartments or industrial premises. A hidden wiring is a wiring that cannot be accessed. The wire can be hidden not only in the ceiling, walls or floor, but also covered with suspended or frame structures. It should be inexpensive but effective and small.
The aim of the proposed research is to create a schematic diagram of a wiring indicator and to develop the device. When the device will be designed and implemented, it will effectively detect the wiring and signals with help of LEDs and sound.
For companies creating an electrical wiring indicator requires considerable costs for the purchase of quality components and the development of the concept.
On the market there are either high-quality, but expensive analogues, or cheap but low- quality. Based on this there is a need for a device that combines the positive properties of all analogues and that will please buyers. The wiring indicator is a compact device for detecting hidden wiring (under voltage and without it), metal and wood. Required during construction and installation or finishing works to detect the location of the electrical cable, fittings, embedded parts or pieces of wood. Knowing about the place of passage for hidden goods, it is possible to accurately mark the surface for drilling, drill stroebe, grooves, hammering a nail or screwing a screw. The main index in the work of such devices are the maximum confidently determined depth of the obstacle.
At present, there are many similar devices on the market, e.g. DEFORT DMM-20D, KWB 0116-20, ADA Wall Scanner 80 А00466, Wall CONDTROL, Elitech D 100, Bosch GMS 120 PROF, Bosch DMF 10 Zoom extra and so on, but commercial solutions are deployed and managed by service providers. However, a problem of high costs and complex automation of models. However, the technology of the device, assembled with the help of electronic components chosen by us, has a low cost and a strong scalability of the platform.
Over the past decade, most research in wiring electronics has emphasized the use of metal detectors. However, the potential value has not yet received all the attention it deserves. In this paper I consider 5 scientific articles. irrelevant, use a cliché
The first one describes testing a metal detector and applying complex excitation signals in laboratory conditions [1, Sec. 4.5].
It is considered that metal detectors are used not only for detecting precious metals and stones underground, but also for working with wirings and finding them in the walls. Therefore, metal detectors can be identified for application of complex excitation signals. The research provides a theoretical basis for the excitation signal of various metals. The approach adds greatly to simplifying the search for the necessary metals and to classify them. However, there is an inconsistency with that. A navigational part is capable to estimate a position of the metal detector search head and to define a metal only in case the frequency is initially set to a certain frequency range.
The present study is designed to determine the effect of the metal detector output signal and to test it by establishing a certain frequency range. The usage of complex excitation brings fast response in a wide range of frequencies and therefore it provides an effective set of data for signal analysis.
The research by Jakub Svatos and Miloslav Linda [2] present the metal detection usisg other methods. The authors consider usage of the polyharmonic excitation signal and processing of the signal that brings an opportunity to improve the detection ability [2, pp. 1]. By identifying the requirements of the device, the authors provide a faster way to find metals.
This paper is a great example of why significant and well-known Universities such as Czech Technical University in Prague, should support laboratories in the development of metal detectors vague idea that can be used not only for industrial purposes. Nevertheless, one of the drawbacks of this article is that it does not have any information about a block diagram with a required frequency range. Consequently, such device may cause errors without the necessary frequency range. K. Tsuyutani et al. [3] focus on creating a portable device. Scientists are considering and selecting suitable components for the metal detector, which can be converted into a wiring indicator [1, Fig. 2]. Their invention is used not used for detecting precious metals and stones underground, but also for working with electrical wirings and finding them in the walls.
Furthermore, the study by K. Tsuyutani et al. [3] and J.Svatos et al. [2] consider a similar method of creating a circuit diagram by using resistors, inductors, capacitors and current source. However, one of the disadvantages of this paper is that provides any results of using this metal detector as a wiring indicator. Moreover, there is not sufficient information about the marking and accurate models of electrical components. All things considered, the third article irrelevant presents a new circuit diagram with applied formulas and calculations.
N. Bykovsky et al. [4] are in the last considered article irrelevant pays attention to the work inductive sensor to detect metal impurities in non-metallic medium. The authors consider a mathematical model of an induction detector designed to detect metallic impurities. The detector includes three inductors. The сentral coil is used to induce a magnetic moment in the metal sample, and the side coils are used to register this moment while the sample is moving through the detector. It is shown that at the same value of the magnetic field induction generated by the induction coil in a single sample volume, the induced magnetic moment is determined by the magnetic susceptibility for ferromagnets, and for non – magnetic materials-by their electrical conductivity. The fourth article is a good example of why mathematical formulas are important for the design of the device. N. Bykovsky et al. [4] have calculated all the design options and tried to avoid all errors. However, they did not consider that the value of the magnetic field can be generated by the generator coil not in a single sample volume. Insufficient data does not allow to use the device for wiring.
In conclusion, a large number of studies have shown that the indicators for wiring indicator work on the principle of a metal detector but have different concepts. Thus, the literature emphasizes the importance of selecting the right electronic components.
This part of the proposal explains three stages used in the study. There are numerous electronic components that can be used to create a schematic diagram. In order to select specific models for transistors, resistors and capacitors, it is necessary to evaluate the sedating characteristics:
• Electrical resistance
Physical quantity characterizing the properties of the conductor to prevent the passage of electric current
• Capacity
Characteristics of the conductor, a measure of its ability to accumulate an electric charge
• Varieties of transistor
Transistors are divided into 1) transistors with a common emitter 2) with a common collector 3) with a common base
• Dimensions of electronic components
Our components will be located on the board, that is, the size and weight of each element is important
Thus, the first stage is the development of a schematic diagram, at the second stage I select the necessary electronic components and at the third stage I collect the indicator and test it. The final part of this study will present the results that will be obtained using the methods described. This article is devoted to the review of electronic components and the development of the wiring indicator. The results of the experiment will help people in finding wiring in the houses and increase safety. The methods developed for the intended purpose are based on engineering activities and affect knowledge in the field of physics, mathematics and electronics. The probability of developing an indicator for wiring is high, because I have the opportunity to rely on the principle of metal detectors and then pick up the necessary components. It is expected that the developed indicator will recognize the wiring at a depth of not less than 10 cm while
giving an audible signal and a led signal.
Overall goal of this project is to create a schematic diagram of a wiring indicator and develop the devise. To achieve this several steps have been taken. First, on the market there are analogues with a fairly high cost. Next, the experimental setup has been erected and operating software written. In the end, the several electronic components that can approach our concept have been found. My development has some important practical implications for household use as it allows people to significantly simplify life and increase the safety of life. In future it is worthwhile to write software using WEB- development tools to make the indicator automated. This modification will also support remote control and use sensors to provide signals.
References:
- P. Nováček and J. SvatosF, Czech Technical University in Prague: Intelligent Metal Detector, 2013.
- J. Svatos and M. Linda, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague: POLYHARMONIC METAL DETECTOR, 2015.
- K.Tsuyutani and Y. Suzuki, TDK Corporation, Tokio: Electronic component-embeded board and method for manufacturing the same, 2014.
- N. Bykovsky, L. Puchkova and N. FanakovaJ, Sterlitamak Branch of Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Russia: Inductive sensor to detect metal impurities in non-metallic medium, 2017.
- Landau L D and Lifshits E M 1982 Electrodynamics of continuous media, 2011.