Маркеева В.В.
Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина
К ВОПРОСУ РАЗВИТИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ СТАРШЕГО ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА С ОБЩИМ НЕДОРАЗВИТИЕМ РЕЧИ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ПРОЕКТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
TO THE ISSUE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE WITH A GENERAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH THROUGH PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Аннотация
В статье раскрывается проблема развития социальной компетентности у детей старшего дошкольного возраста с общим недоразвитием речи. Автор анализирует результаты экспериментального исследования по развитию социальной компетентности у старших дошкольников с общим недоразвитием речи. Предлагает использовать проектную деятельность с участием семьи и дошкольной образовательной организации в коррекционно-педагогической работе, которая способствует эффективному формированию социальной компетентности у детей старшего дошкольного возраста с общим недоразвитием речи.
Summary
In the article the problem of development of social competence in children of the advanced preschool age with the general underdevelopment of the speech reveals. The author analyzes results of a pilot study on development of social competence in the senior preschool children with the general underdevelopment of the speech. Suggests to use design activity with participation of family and the preschool educational organization in correctional and pedagogical work which promotes effective formation of social competence at children of the advanced preschool age with the general underdevelopment of the speech.
Ключевые слова: социальная компетентность, старший дошкольник, общее недоразвитие речи, проектная деятельность, дошкольная образовательная организация, семья.
Keywords: social competence, senior preschooler, general speech underdevelopment, project activities, pre-school educational organization, family.
Научный руководитель
Подольская О.А., старший преподаватель кафедры дошкольного и специального образования Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина
The modern child of preschool age with a general underdevelopment of speech is influenced by all the signs of the 21st century: he can quickly master modern gadgets and use them confidently, but at the same time he lacks communication. Recently, the question of the formation of social competence in senior preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech, such as the ability to build a system of relations with society, take a certain position in a circle of peers, expand their social circle and subsequently become successful in the social sense, remains relevant. In preschool age, the child lays the foundations of social maturity.
Disturbance of speech adversely affects the formation and development of social competence. The study of the problem of the formation of social competence in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment was done by E.R. Artamonova, O.F. Borisova, T.L. Pasalskoy, L.V. Trubaichuk, G.M. Yapparova.
In scientific literature, social competence is considered as a complex phenomenon, during which the child masters social norms (L.V. Kolomiychenko) [3]; the initial competences of the child, which are necessary for him to successfully enter the society (L.V. Trubaichuk) [6]; the ability to choose the right social guidelines and organize their activities in accordance with these guidelines (I.A. Kudaeva) [5]; significant result of preschool age, which contains knowledge about the meanings and cycles, above all, of adult labor; child development as a subject of children’s activities, self-organization skills in labor activity (M.V. Krulecht) [4]; the personal quality of a person, which becomes popular in all social spheres (I.A. Zimnyaya, N.V. Kalinina) [1,2] etc.
To sum up, we understand the integrated quality of the personality which is formed in the course of mastering representations and knowledge of social reality which is a basis of construction and regulation of interpersonal and intra personal social positions as social competence.
Experimental research allowed to determine the level of formation of social competence in children of senior preschool age with a general underdevelopment of speech.
In 25% of older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment, the motivational component is unstable. This, above all, depends on the adult and his ability to interest the child with information from the outside world, to attach him to social reality.
The cognitive component was revealed at 23% of children of the advanced preschool age with the general underdevelopment of the speech. It is connected with understanding by the child of events which take place in society and the opportunities in different types of activity, the nature of the attitude towards people around and to themselves.
The behavioral component was noted in 20% of children of senior preschool age with a general speech underdevelopment. They are characterized by difficulties in establishing visual contact with a partner, the extremely rare use of facial expressions, gestures to maintain interaction, a small number of speech appeals to each other.
The emotional-evaluative component in 20% of children of senior preschool age with a general underdevelopment of speech is the moral basis of social competence. This was reflected in the content of the child’s experiences of his desire for sympathy, compassion for another person, readiness to show kindness, help. The assessment of other children by the subjects is quite situational, which is explained by the age characteristics of children of the sixth year of life: persistent friendly mini-groups are still being formed, the peer assessment is very dependent on the assessment of its adult, on mood, various external circumstances.
Thus, an experimental study showed that the lack of formation of social competence is directly related to the underdevelopment of language ability of children of preschool age with a general underdevelopment of speech. In the context of speech underdevelopment, the deficiency of the structural components of social competence (motivational, cognitive, emotional-evaluative, behavioral) was revealed.
The results of diagnostics showed need of the organization of complex correctional and pedagogical work on formation of social competence at children of the advanced preschool age with the general underdevelopment of the speech by means of design activity.
This activity was organized in the form of a research project, the purpose of which was the formation of social competence in a child of senior preschool age with a general underdevelopment of speech in a preschool educational organization. The research project “Preschool educational organization — family: children unite us!” Was focused on the development of communication skills among older preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech. Comprehensive correctional and pedagogical work took place in four stages.
The first stage – is directed to formation of ability to build estimated judgments, to prove, anticipate consequences of the forthcoming act, to program speech statements, creation of situations of practical action for children, to update the acquired social representations in the speech.
The second stage consisted of enriching the dictionary, developing an understanding of the emotional orientation and logic of the plot, lexical analysis of the text, the ability to establish causal relationships and formulate rules of behavior, verbal modeling of the moral behavior of the characters. The material was works of fiction and specially invented situations with ethical and moral content.
At the third stage, the tasks were set to develop non-verbal and verbal ways of expressing emotional states, forming emotional vocabulary and lexical-grammatical generalizations in the process of structuring and integrating the child’s emotional representations.
The fourth stage included the child’s participation in joint activities (activity, initiative, availability of communication skills, ability to prevent and resolve conflict situations). To sum up, the correctional and pedagogical work which is carried out by us promoted formation of social competence at children of the advanced preschool age with the general underdevelopment of the speech in design activity.
References
- Zimnyaya I.A. Competence-based approach. What its place in the system of modern approaches to education problems (teoretiko-methodological aspect) // The Higher education today. — 2012. — № 8. – P. 14-19.
- Kalinina N.V. Formation of social competence as a mechanism for strengthening the mental health of the younger generation // Psychological science and education. — 2005. — №4. – P. 22-27.
- Kolomiychenko L.V. The concept and program of social development of children of preschool age // Kindergarten from A to Z. — 2007. — № 5. – P. 22-29.
- Krulekht M.V. Leisure as a means of primary sociolization in a megapolis: the problem of accompanying a preschooler // Preschooler. Methods and practice of education and training. 2016. — №4. – P. 19-23.
- Kudaeva I.A. The development of social experience of younger students in the educational process: аuthor. dis … cand. ped. sciences. — Saransk, 2007. – 17 p.
- Trubaichuk L.V. Theoretical basis for the development and formation of the personality of the younger student in the educational process: dis. … dock ped. sciences — Chelyabinsk, 2000. — 362 p.